So a balloon filled with helium is less dense than one filled with air, because helium atoms are lighter than the atoms in air. Solid ice is less dense than liquid water, because the particles must pack together more closely in the liquid.īut even substances in the same state can have different densities, depending on the mass of the atoms that make them up. Interestingly, water is an exception to this rule. In gases the particles are far apart, moving quickly in random directions with a lot of empty space between them. However, the SI unit of Density is measured using kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m 3). Liquids typically have a lower density than solids. Generally, the density of water (which is approximately about 1 gram/cubic centimetre) is taken as the standard value for calculating the density of substances. In liquids, the particles can move around more freely, so they slide over each other with some gaps between them. In a solid, the particles are tightly packed, so you can get a lot in a given space. The difference is mostly due to the fact that air is a gas and the water is a liquid, because density depends a lot on the state of matter. So density is mass divided by volume, five hundred grams divided by five hundred cubic centimetres, giving one gram per cubic centimetre.īut this air-filled balloon has a much lower density of about zero point zero zero one gram per cubic centimetre. This has gone up by five hundred cubic centimetres, so that’s the volume. You can find the volume of an irregular shaped object by submerging it in water and measuring how much this level changes. You can think of density as how heavy something is for its size.And you can calculate it by taking the mass - this is five hundred grams - and dividing it by the volume. I know which I’d prefer to try and catch! And that’s because water and air have different densities. Rapidly closing or opening valves - or starting stopping pumps - may cause pressure transients in pipelines known as surge or water hammers.These balloons are the same size, but this one is filled with water instead of air and is much heavier. Shear Modulus (Modulus of Rigidity) is the elasticity coefficient for shearing or torsion force.Ĭalculate the speed of sound (the sonic velocity) in gases, fluids or solids. The Bulk Modulus - resistance to uniform compression - for some common metals and alloys. Metals and Alloys - Bulk Modulus Elasticity Pressure and Temperature Changeĭensities and specific volume of liquids vs. Thermodynamic properties of heavy water (D2O) like density, melting temperature, boiling temperature, latent heat of fusion, latent heat of evaporation, critical temperature and more. Material properties of gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more. Involving velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time. Note! - since the density of the seawater varies with dept the pressure calculation could be done more accurate by calculating in dept intervals. The density of seawater in the deep can be calculated by modifying (2) to The initial pressure at sea-level is 10 5 Pa and the density of seawater at sea level is 1022 kg/m 3. The hydrostatic pressure in the Mariana Trench can be calculated as the deepest known point in the Earth's oceans - 10994 m. Example - Density of Seawater in the Mariana Trench 80 times harder to compress than water with Bulk Modulus 2.15 10 9 Pa. Stainless steel with Bulk Modulus 163 10 9 Pa is aprox. 1 lb f /in 2 (psi) = 6.894 10 3 N/m 2 (Pa)Ī large Bulk Modulus indicates a relative incompressible fluid.The imperial (BG) unit is lb f /in 2 (psi).The SI unit of the bulk modulus elasticity is N/m 2 (Pa).A decrease in the volume will increase the density (2). Ρ 1 = final density of the object ( kg/m 3 ) <Īn increase in the pressure will decrease the volume (1). Ρ 0 = initial density of the object (kg/m 3 ) = ( p 1 - p 0 ) / (( ρ 1 - ρ 0 ) / ρ 0 ) (2)ĭρ = differential change in density of the object (kg/m 3 ) The Bulk Modulus Elasticity can alternatively be expressed as P 1 = final pressure ( Pa, N/m 2 ) V 1 = final volume ( m 3 ) V 0 = initial volume of the object (m 3 ) K = Bulk Modulus of Elasticity (Pa, N/m 2 )ĭp = differential change in pressure on the object (Pa, N/m 2 )ĭV = differential change in volume of the object (m 3 ) The Bulk Modulus Elasticity can be calculated as The Bulk Modulus Elasticity - or Volume Modulus - is a material property characterizing the compressibility of a fluid - how easy a unit volume of a fluid can be changed when changing the pressure working upon it.
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